The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
Since the mid-19th century military powers and various writers have tried to define the notion of belligerent occupation and, in particular, the beginning thereof. There are many situations in which a state of occupation is controversial or even denied. When is control so effective that an invasion turns into a state of belligerent occupation? What is the minimum area of a territory that can be occupied; a town, a hamlet, a house or what about a hill taken by the armed forces? This paper e...
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Editor's note
Cover photo UN / Marco Dormino.
- Publisher : Graduate Institute Publications, The Graduate Institute | Geneva
- Series : eCahiers de l’Institut | 7
- Place of publication : Genève
- Year of publication : 2011
- Published on OpenEdition Books : 15 avril 2011
- EAN (Print version) : 978-2-940415-44-1
- Electronic EAN : 978-2-940415-48-9
- DOI : 10.4000/books.iheid.75
- Contents
- Presentation
- About the author
Part A: The Notion and Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
Part B: Feasibility of the Application of the Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation Theory
Since the mid-19th century military powers and various writers have tried to define the notion of belligerent occupation and, in particular, the beginning thereof. There are many situations in which a state of occupation is controversial or even denied. When is control so effective that an invasion turns into a state of belligerent occupation? What is the minimum area of a territory that can be occupied; a town, a hamlet, a house or what about a hill taken by the armed forces? This paper examines what seems to be an important gap of the Fourth Geneva Convention: contrary to the Hague Regulations of 1907 it does not provide a definition of belligerent occupation. It is argued that the Fourth Geneva Convention follows its own rules of applicability and that therefore the provisions relative to occupied territories apply in accordance with the “functional beginning” of belligerent occupation approach from the moment that a protected person finds him or herself in the hands of the enemy.
Henry Dunant Prize 2010 from the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights (ADH Geneva)
De nationalité suisse, Michael Siegrist est titulaire d’un Master en droit de l’Université de Fribourg et de la Maîtrise en études avancées (Master of Advanced Studies, MAS) en droit international humanitaire de l'Académie de droit international humanitaire et de droits humains à Genève. Le Prix Henry Dunant 2010 lui a été attribué pour ce travail. (http://www.adh-geneva.ch/)
The text only may be used under licence CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. All other elements (illustrations, imported files) are “All rights reserved”, unless otherwise stated.
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V. Positive and negative obligations due to the mere fact of occupation
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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IV. Obligations to provide or respect due to activities of the occupying power
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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III. Non-application of the functional beginning theory risks a gap in protection
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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II. Core Guarantees Applicable to both the Territories of the Parties to the Conflict and Occupied Territories
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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I. Clauses without independent normative content
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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IV. Examples of recent case law dealing with the definition and beginning of belligerent occupation
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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III. Belligerent occupation under the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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II. The Notion and Beginning of Belligerent Occupation under the 1899/1907 Hague Conventions
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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I. Development of the Law of Belligerent Occupation prior to the 1899/1907 Hague Regulations
In Michael Siegrist, The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
…
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The Functional Beginning of Belligerent Occupation
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